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Medication adherence

In the broad range of medico-pharmaceutical science the topic of medication adherence is an uncomfortable issue. In the ideal scenario people would adhere 100% to the prescription. In the real world of not-optimal behavior and circumstances, people deviate substantially from what is best for or even good for them. Even in the tax-based health system of Denmark with relatively easy access to medication, a long-term study revealed the difficulties encountered to adhere to essential medications for persons with Type 2 diabetes. Nielsen et al. (2026) analyzed a cohort of 80.000 persons who newly acquired Type 2 diabetes of which about 25% showed a low adherence to medication plans with hazard rate of 1,27 to suffer a cardiovascular event. High adherence persons did not suffer such an event in the following 220 days over the 10 years of observation. A sedentary lifestyle or obesity increase the risk of type 2 diabetes and beyond medical treatments additional behavioral challenges like medication adherence make it clear, we do not live in the best scenario to fight type 2 diabetes.

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Stinging issues

Sometimes a topic can make it into the headlines only if it is a stinging issue. The fact that certain mosquitoes travel and survive further north due to global warming is indeed such a stinging issue. As the living conditions for mosquitoes depend on warm weather conditions particularly during (tropical) nights as well as water availability for breeding purposes, the spread of mosquitoes can already be observed studying the spread of dengue fever, malaria and chikungunya in some southern European and American countries. Climate change, especially the warming parts of it,  shall bring home a number of stinging issues and consequences to people who didn’t seem to know or care about the spread of spread of infectious diseases.  

Green land in summer between Priesterweg and Südkreuz Berlin 2026

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Fire engines

The collection of fire engines model cars on display in a Berlin antique shop reveal the whole dilemma of fire fighters across Europe. Lots of different models and technical specifications mean lower potentials for synergies. European cooperation is such a strong statement of hope and solidarity during emergencies. Better coordination in joint acquisitions would allow fire fighters from each Member State to be operational in other units. The power of the many could be a significant advantage to fight the fast progression of fire we have witnessed in 2026-7.

Fire engine models in window of antique shop in Berlin

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Fighting fires

In our homes and offices we are used to have electric, digital and chemical devices to assist us in fighting fires. Fires can have multiple origins ranging from faulty technical devices to human errors, behavior and volition. Some countries have terrible experiences with city fires engrained into their history. The scale of wild fires in forests in Europe, the USA, Australia or Canada have reached a new dimension. With global warming fires known in southern parts of Europe reach further north and become more intense. The fire near Fontainebleau (Forêt de Sénart, France) in 2018 destroyed 9000 hectares forest. In 2026 the fires near Bordeaux burned 10 times the size (Link). There were about 8 years to get prepared between the 2 large scale incidents. The technocrats’ answer usually is just limited to the immediate surroundings of the fire. Instead larger scale actions have to be prepared and enacted to prevent the next incidents. The technocrat’s answer is more technology like aircrafts and yet bigger aircrafts(still largely insufficient in 2026-7). Satellite and drone surveillance with infrared cameras additionally can go a long way, but the human factor remains a hard to fight beast in all such technical fire fighting scenarios. This setup seems to be somehow like a constant to take into account in all technological propositions.  

Cercis siliquastrum Jardin des plantes Paris, planted 1785.

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Social learning

The process and mechanisms that drive social learning are still not well understood. Beyond social psychology and sociological theory and evidence, neuroscience has made progress worth taking note of. The paper by Maciej Winiarski et al. (2025) offers a key insight into the neuro-biology of learning about social structures and the behavioral consequences. In their study of mice in the EcoHAB supervised group housing, information sharing through scent was the driver of learning about the social structure and the ensuing social behavior. The various experimental settings show that 1-2 mice became the most relevant informants about social structure and rewards. The “exploratory activities” are an interesting underlying parameter as well. The mus musculus model does not tell us much about humans yet, but we get a gist of important factors to consider for social learning in groups or organizations. Information seeking, informants, reward structures and “housing” have to be considered based on such research from neuroscience.

Berlin bears as statues decorated to demonstrate freedom and diversity in 2023

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Preventable Asthma Burden

The global burden of disease data, analyses and projections allow us to identify more clearly the parameters to influence and prevent rising global burdens of disease. Among the so-called non-communicable (i. e. not infectious) diseases Asthma plays an important role.  Heat waves (wild fires) and air pollution (road transport, heating emissions) are major contributors to the burden of disease. In addition to the health related suffering of a population, the economic losses for groups of countries have been estimated by a recent study (Chen et al. 2026).  For the UK another study showed that 2/3 of asthma attributed deaths were preventable. This raises our awareness to the fact that adequate health care systems and the distribution as well application of asthma medications can help a great deal to lower also the economic impacts due to uncontrolled asthma. The labour-induced costs (lost years of production) are likely to be higher in the low-income countries, whereas capital-induced costs (in form of opportunity costs of health expenditure) accrue more in the higher- income countries. With the successive heat waves in 2026 and continued global warming, the estimated global burden of asthma is most likely a lower bound estimate of the economic impact. A focus on asthma prevention becomes a pressing concern today to prepare for the future.

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Road injuries

Road injuries are a serious matter. The lives lost and people suffering from lasting injuries continue to be a major health hazard on a global scale despite significant reductions over the last 3 decades, mainly in wealthier countries . The Global Burden of Disease study (Ng et al. 2026) shows that between the ages of 10-39 fatal road injuries are the main cause of death for young men. The study has no data to speak to causal effects, but the basic statistics show a clear pattern according to gender. Several factors need further exploration:
1. Men are known to have a much larger share of the total amount of road traffic in most countries, which leads to a higher risk exposure.
2. Men seem to take higher risks when driving, which puts them at higher overall risks as well.
3. Responsibilities for road incidents are not investigated, which leaves other causes or contributions to road injuries (like alcohol or drug abuse) unaccounted. (Source: Ng et al 2026. Global, regional, and national burden of road injuries 1990–2023, p.7)

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Cardiac arrest detection

The number 1 cause of death is cardiac arrest in the modern world. Hence, the interest in the detection of cardiac arrest could save many lives. For assistance to arrive and intervene in time an alert needs to be issued as soon as possible. With early detection by nearby persons and skilled intervention the survival chances are about 50% of cases. The “silent” at home cardiac arrest is an important health and survival issue. The availability of wrist bands and watches which can issue alerts in combination with smartphones has risen considerably in recent years. Therefore, the improvement of reliable algorithms which interpret these data can realistically save lives as the delays can potentially be shortened for professional helpers to arrive. The study by Edgar et al. (2026) tested such a device and were able to show the very low number of false alarms issued by this device (about 1 out of 40). Extrapolated to millions of cases the challenge to a health care system is steep. However, we have to deal with such socio-economic issues of digital devices in medicine in the coming years more often.

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Productive organizational energy

Productive organizational energy is more than the sum of individual efforts. Only if you manage to align the productivity of all employees and managers towards the same objectives, you are likely to reap the full benefits of productive organizational energy. The scientific literature is quite clear in this regard. The authors Vogel, Raes and Bruch (2026) highlighted the need to investigate current as well as anticipated Productive organizational energy using a tool called the “energy pattern explorer”. Through the repeated measurement it is possible to learn about trajectories which can be related to leadership styles, external and internal influences as well as to evaluate detailed leadership activities in more detail. Once in office, many leaders no longer deem it necessary to check or evaluate their decision-making processes, although the baseline measures should be taken at that time or before departure of the previous chief executive. About time to take productive organizational energy seriously to mobilize the energy of the many rather than the usual one man show.

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UN General Secretary

The questioning of candidates for the position of UN general secretary in 2026-7 has revealed  a fundamental difference in the understanding of the role to be played by any General Secretary. Do you want a SG to be more of a General or more like a Secretary? In other words, do you abide by the idea to have a person in leadership position to rely and lead in a strictly hierarchical manner or do you choose a person that understands leadership as a service to the constituent bodies or membership organizations. There seems to be a predilection for the former rather than the latter leadership profile. However, 21st century has a chance to break with the erroneous paths, choices and missed opportunities. … “when will we ever learn”.

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Gone birding

Birding is fascinating science and hobby. The recent advances in bird song recognition allow to compare the sometimes complex melodies across species. The support by many citizen scientists who collect data on sound, images and environment, made it possible to identify 8 major types of sound snippets. These constitute the basis from which to study or imitate the major bird songs, if you like. The scientific paper by Bacquele et al. (2026) shows that in dense forests the songs are more complex, whereas in open space simple tunes allow to travel far across space. Mating potentials seem to play an interesting role as well. But birding does not stop there. The Brancusi exhibits in the „Neue Nationalgalerie“ in Berlin deal also with the fascination about birds by the artist (image below). We also find depictions of the „bird-man“ in mythology more than 3000 years before our time and ever since. Flying probably brings together our science and dreams about birds and mankind. Science fiction is full of examples of that kind.

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Fuel fertilizer food

The state of world affairs can be summarized in relation to these 3 factors. Fuel, fertilizer and food are the subjects of the hotly debated or even contested resources. From a United Nations perspective the progress in human and economic development hinges on these 3 key issues. The logical order of the Fuel, fertilizer food triad starts with the costs of fuels or energy more generally and leads to the production and distribution of fertilizer across energythe world. This chain of supply determines the quantity of food available to feed the world. Russia‘s war on Ukraine territory has made this logical sequence obvious again. Millions of people were suffering due to the fuel, fertilizer and food shortages due to excessive price hikes. If we add speculatove rent seeking to this we have a scenario where the global South is suffering due to political contests and wars in the North including the Middle East. The current governance structure of the United Nations is largely unable to address this triad adequately. Fair processes of decision-making, control and implementation are crucial in this respect to ensure that all regions independent of economic spending power at sufficiently represented at the international negotiations about fundamental resources. Minimum levels of provision are necessary, even if not sufficient, conditions for our humanitarian responsibilities.  

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Agentic attacker

Since 2026-7 we have to face a proven and realistic scenario of a cyber threat called the “agentic attacker”. Based on OpenAI’s LLM the sandboxed cyber attack managed to escape its fences and ran a real cyber attack on a competitor’s AI model with some success. Apparently the defense had to also use AI to protect and speed up something like password renewals and other credentials on 17.000 parallel occurrences simultaneously. The huggingface.co platform became vulnerable and the amount of data compromised could have been quite significant. This included, potentially, data inputs for AI-models and perhaps even other AI-agents as well that might be turned into additional attackers. It might take us humans a while to come to grips with new danger. The agile agentic attacker (AAA-rating) will cause us some sleepless nights.

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Inclusive design

In aging societies inclusive design is not an option but a must have. This is neither a short term fix nor a renovation without costs. Adapting a home to a wheelchair use is an expert job as you have to think about issues you have not experienced yourself before in most cases. Door thresholds and openings, better have sliding doors as much as possible, have to be considered early. Bathroom adaptation in size and height, toilet space and lighting switches all should be planned ahead. There exists a DIN Norm 18040 which specifies measures precisely. In the age of AI-vibe coding some home appliances could be programmed to follow a person’s voice commands as well. For the time being in 2026-7 this is a nice to have option. but early installations of “intelligent digital devices” beyond a washing machine or microwave can get you quite far in the near future. Inclusive design could open doors and switch on lights simply by talking to your smartphone.

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Waste reduction

The challenge has been to reduce waste and emissions for decades without really reaching more advanced targets. In Berlin the local waste collection and treatment has presented new ideas how to proceed in future. Digital technology allows to identify the kind of waste (containing metals) and can separate waste accordingly. The digital waste container is, however, still a bit expensive and would have to undergo additional AI training in my opinion. The nice waste container transformed into a backyard bench might encourage people to think about an alternative use of the space reserved for waste containers and waste reduction, recycling and reuse in general. Taking a break is no wasted time.

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Sedentary society

The football or soccer world cup, like other sports, used to be an event which mobilized people to become active as well. Many people, particularly the young, joined football teams and clubs or practiced in backyards. The sedentary society has managed to transform this in the 2020s into a seated activity (football soccer seated 2026). In order to capture attention and time spent in a shopping center, itself a good predictor of money spent, the FIFA world cup serves as a means to promote football at any costs. Sit and kick, that is the new lifestyle. You even have your hands free to do something else. Eat and drink, probably. Great, that the football-mania is over in 2026 for a while. Time to get real exercise.

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Dancing alone

In 2026 it is possible to step into the old telephone box, but to use it as discotheque with music. You can choose your favorite song and dance to it inside the box and photos are taken from yourself to take home. Whereas sociologists have long argued that individualism can go to far in modern societies, the solo disco-box is a telling example of how monetizing of music, dancing and enjoying music can reach levels where people no longer realize how far we have gone beyond „bowling alone“. We do social activities alone and then share the images of the pseudo social activity. Room for social or socializing activities does not come for free, but creating meeting spaces even in crowded cities is worthwhile. Dancing in public rather than a box might be enjoyable for others too.

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Water pleasures

Maybe some of us associate water pleasures with the splendid fountains in the castle of Versailles (France). Our daily concerns, however, are much more about making cities more resilient and able to cope with water scarcity. According to a study by Krueger et al. (2025) the user perspective and behavioral challenges that go along with saving water by end users has been neglected for years. Water management in cities is part of the infrastructure package that has to be managed efficiently. Aging water distribution infrastructure is just as much a problem on the supply side of water as consumption has its (increasing) price on the users side. Rainwater capture, re-use and recycling are promising alternatives to simply providing more water. Pollution is, of course, another hazard that needs our attention. In the meantime we may think of water pleasures for all including the animal world.

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Brussels relaxes

Especially during the weekends and the summer activities some roads can be blocked for other uses. The obese societies of the 21 century need to make room for more exercise wherever possible. Brussels has done so for more than 5 years already. The “Bois de la Cambre” offers an amazing space to all those seeking respite from the busy and warm urban surroundings (Image below). Children and families exercise all sorts of activities and sports. The closed roads are perfect for cycling and jogging as well as the learning of both. Levels of air pollution drop and the running sport is no health hazard as in inner cities. Each and everybody advances at her/his own rhythm (Video Weekend jogging in Bois de la Cambre on Road 2026) or just watches others passing by. Ways to relax in cities are manifold, in a matter of choice and commitment. Commit to relax and detox, at least on weekends. This can be quite a behavioral change with serious health benefits.

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Berlin moves it

Yes, we like to move it. Investment in infrastructure follows a long-term economic rationale. In urban areas space is a scarce and, therefore, an expensive resource. In order to use the current space for mobility more efficiently, the use of a longer tram or train is an effective way to increase capacities. Rather than to increase the frequency, which is no longer possible without safety risks, a longer vehicle allows to bring more, and more diverse, passengers on board (kinderwagen and wheelchairs included).
It is a long-term objective to make urban areas liveable for all ages. Tramways which allow a low or, better, no barrier to entry is a necessary condition in this respect. The new “Urbanliner” in Berlin (image below) offers such essentials of access and urban mobility. A single tram is 50m long with 88 seats and 215 standing persons in larger corridors. 300 tram passengers can be compared to about 12 average length cars with at best 15-20 passengers.
A consensus of “how best to move it” in cities pays off in the long-term. Planning has to start about a decade before delivery and needs to survive political cycles going back and forth.

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Berlin Futures

The city of Berlin is projecting itself into the future. Two long-term goals, Olympic Games 2036 or an Expo organization 2035, are potentially looming and all actors have to project themselves as to what role they want to play in such processes. Trades and industries have an essential role to play to realize any vision of the future, at the same time, local trades and industries ask for amenable conditions to do business in the necessarily restricted city space.
There is competition between housing projects and business parks across each metropolitan area as any form of growth needs space to grow in. The “1. Berlin Future Day of business parks” highlighted this potential source of conflict and business leaders exchanged their experiences and strategies how to arrive at manageable comprises.
There are several Win-Win constellations in which for example an additional stop on a metropolitan “S-Bahn” line benefits the business area and all those (future) employees going to and back from work. Infrastructure like transport, mobility, energy, internet speed and security, all play key roles in such visions of future. If networks of organizations address policy makers with well-defined requirements, politicians can act as facilitators to ease sometimes lengthy bureaucratic impediments. The call for public infrastructure investments by private business initiatives is a reminder of the need for public-private partnerships to create promising Berlin Futures. (Image: 1. Future Day of Business areas in Berlin, Senator Franziska Giffey 2026-7-15)

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Learning locations

We tend to associate schools as the primary learning locations. However, there is a multitude of additional locations that offer excellent learning locations like museums, libraries, churches, enterprises or various associations. Some of these learning locations have better equipped learning facilities and environments than many schools. It is about time to reckon with this and advocate stronger links between the often disconnected worlds of learning. Teacher training focuses on schools, curricula and teaching methods, but the systematic combination of all these „external“ learning locations with the full-time schooling world could stimulate so much more learning. Maybe, even the social selectivity of education could be reduced through the motivation and different entry points into learning by a diversity of learning locations. Lifewide and lifelong learning are likely to be motivated at an early age. (Image: Stabi West-Berlin 2026-7)

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Learning and authenticity

For historical, philosophical, social and many other domains, learning in authentic locations moves learners particularly. This can consist in reinforcement learning of an otherwise abstract event or process. The neuroscience of learning has demonstrated that both parts the rational mind and the emotional relatedness contribute to learning success. Memorials are such places where persons get involved with all their brain and senses. Robert Sigel (2015 pp.50-53) described the wealth of pedagogic approaches that has entered memorials. They range from flyers, guided tours to geo-caching, digital apps and continuous involvement in social media related to on-site visits. Memorials are no social-pedagogic institutions either. They cannot guard or even correct more or less likely antisocial social behavior of visitors. Additionally, they have to strike a balance between 360 degrees, engaged learning and decent commemoration. Authentic objects and information, like biographical accounts, original voices, videos or handwriting reinforce the lasting memory in and of  a memorable location ( Koessler, 2025 p. 79). School curricula make far too little use of this well implemented combination of learning and authenticity so far. Great potentials are ahead of us building on the specificity of each memorial. (Image: topography of terror, webpage access on site 2026).

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Learning moral sentiments

In school curricula and evaluations of pupils learning progress there has been little attention to pupils’ learning moral sentiments. Religion and comparisons of religious practices have entered educational programs, but even the big PISA studies have largely refrained from evaluations of learning achievements in ethical matters or moral sentiments. Adam Smith as proponent of the Scottish enlightenment had written about “The theory of moral sentiments” before embedding his market economy into the enlightened society. In the 2020s we realize that we have neglected this part of learning for far too long. This is the point where memorials can play a primordial role as a central part of learning not only about history, but moral sentiments in the broadest sense. Memorials “Gedenkstätten” operate as quasi-schools” in this respect for young and experienced learners at the same time considered that more than 50% of learners in memorials pupils, students or from teaching professions. However, outcomes of  learning in memorials could also be assessed in order to check what kind of learning goals and moral sentiments can be addressed in such historically charged learning environments. Such learning locations of moral sentiments have to balance the intended learning with the necessary decency of the commemoration in such learning environments. (Image: Topography of terror Berlin exhibitions) 

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Water in Parks

In 2026-7 and a 3rd hear wave approaching, the real luxury consists in water in inner cities. As a source of refreshment and cooling when temperatures rise, water provides a natural source to cool down nearby people, buildings as well as any trees. The wisdom of a hundred years ago appears again as a major solution as global warming progresses. Evaporation of water is cooling. Some simple facts deserve to be repeated over and over again as urban planning seems to have forgotten such simple physics. We have think about a lot of green and blue spots again in our cities to achieve the much needed cooling effects. (Image: Viktoria-Luise Platz, Berlin 2026-7)

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Realist Democracy

2000 years after the “invention” of and first attempts to develop a theory of democracy, we have come round to seriously think about “a realist theory of democracy” (Achen & Bartels, 2016). The ideals formulated in constitutions deviate sometimes substantially from the practice. Therefore, we have courts, (ideally) independent judiciaries, journalists and scientists. All these well-established safe-guards to ensure well-functioning democratic structures continue to be challenged. In each democratic country we can cite “derailing” of political leaders that try to bypass democratic institutions. The latest example in 2026 is the Mayor of Berlin Kai Wegner. He deceived, some claim he lied, repeatedly before his own party base refuted him as their representative when lies were uncovered. There have been several other politicians who have covered up his misinformation of the public about his handling of an urgency, which affected 100.000 people sitting without electricity during winter days. It took 6 months to uncover the truth about the handling of the crisis. However, eventually the truth and the lying to the media and the public became uncovered. The merit of this occurrence in Berlin is the hope that democratic ideals can be upheld even in rather hierarchic organizations and so-called head-fast leadership.

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Repetition and Variations

Learning and, surprisingly, innovation or creativity build upon repetition as a method. You may just recall the content or repeat an exercise and this is an obvious form of learning by simple repetition. A bit  more challenging is active recall, which would take into consideration to ask (yourself) questions about the subject at hand. The time component is another form for effective or “spaced” repetition as time intervals and timing over a learning period are powerful mechanisms of learning strategies as well. Even visualizations of content in form of a mind map is a creative form of repetition. The basic content remains the same. You may also just use repetition in a form that you (imagine) teaching the same content to another person, which is also known as the Feynman method. Learning can consist in variations of repetitions. This works in many disciplines and the repertoire of repetitions is a part of any pedagogical toolbox and exercises. (Image: Extract from Horst Bartnig, Composition in ten colours 000-999, 1981, Neue Nationalgalerie Berlin) 

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All the lonely people

This line of a song by “The Beatles” dates back to 1966. “Ah, look at all the lonely people” is a kind of puzzled outcry to reckon with the loneliness even in busy and charitable places. 60 years later in 2026 we have whole ministries in some countries to deal with loneliness. It is not a niche problem. Tackling the problem needs to go beyond raising awareness. Loneliness occurs at all stages of the life course: children, adolescents, young adult, migrants, employees, single parents, care giving people, even within couples, seniors and very old persons. It is not restricted to urban or rural areas, but changes from one to another phase in a person’s life course carry the risk to encounter loneliness. It may well be only a temporary phase before new relationships can be established or previous contacts revived. There is a role to reach out to people who might be lonely for all of us. Public policies should be scrutinised on all levels whether they manage to break barriers or raise new ones for persons to feel lonely. In Berlin, the local level in each district is taking measures to facilitate informal meeting points open to all ages and walks of life. The “Wüstenrot foundation” sponsors many initiatives where public policies are short of funds. Projects enhance networks of people and organisations eager to assist “all these lonely people”, wherever they all come from.  (Image: Conference on loneliness at Berlin city hall Schöneberg 2026)

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Soccer business

The FIFA has turned soccer into a juicy business activity. Of course, it has been like this for some decades now. After all professional athletes, coaches, managers and medical teams all around the games have their own high fees. With huge funds involved and millions of supporters the does not lack public support. The national leagues have been topped up with several international competitions which with less clear remuneration structures, but abundant national pride involved. The betting industry is worth billions in soccer alone. This invites all sorts of influences and corruption. As the football judiciary is not independent as a other judicial institutions, interference is apparently more easy with some return-favors between FIFA and host countries. More spectators and more TV-time supercharge profits. In countries that exit early, like Germany, the merchandising products will be forced to sell with substantial discounts. 

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Cool shelters

In many big cities the metro lines and particularly some of the stations can provide cool shelters during hot days. Reducing the speed of traffic reduces the airflow and heat of acceleration and braking. More home office work if employees have adequate cooling at home reduces emissions additionally. The historic Kreuzberg-Metro-Station, nowadays called “Platz der Luftbrücke” is big enough to accommodate many people who are in need of shelter for whatever purpose. Underground you do not even hear much from the busy traffic above. More efforts to brighten up the station could create an urban space which invites to rest in hot days rather than rush around the city. Climate change will ask us to come up with many innovative and unorthodox solutions as part of public health initiatives.